Hurricane Katrina
| ← Global Warming and Food Security | Relationship between Environment and Health → |
Race, class, ethnic identity, poverty level, age, gender and other factors have their impact on social vulnerability. In 2005, the Gulf Coast of the USA was stricken by the terrible hazard that caused the discussion of social vulnerability impact.
Social vulnerability includes the reduction of person’s ability to anticipate, resist, handle and recover from the influence of natural and man-made disasters. Race is one of the most substantial and powerful factors of social vulnerability.
Hurricane Katrina was one of the most destructive disasters in the American history.. The major hurricane struck New Orleans on 29 August, 2005 and caused great damage and resulted in many victims. Eventually, all levees were broken and 80% of city’s area was flooded. Hurricane Katrina killed nearly 2000 people. Moreover, it caused huge material and economic losses.
The day before the disaster, many people left New Orleans according to the mass evacuation warning. Nearly 80% of the local population fled the city before the natural disaster. However, not every person could leave the city. Most of the citizens that stayed in New Orleans were African Americans, who belonged to the poor class in the United States. Therefore, they suffered most from the disaster. Based on the foregoing, race is connected closely with class and poverty.
New Orleans is located on the highest point at the crossroads of the Mississippi River, Lake Pontchartrain and the Gulf of Mexico. The city was increasing its area and spreading into water. Social geography of the city was changing as well. In 1950s and 1960s, the population influxes of Black occurred, and governance of New Orleans approved the construction of apartments for the African Americans. The buildings were located in undesirable territories like the coastal zone, reclaimed land or near industrial establishments. The opportunities of employment for the African Americans were rather low, which resulted in mass poverty and low standard of living for the social class. Moreover, the poor education hindered the opportunity for the better children’s future. Therefore, based on the social geography, Hurricane Katrina affected the vulnerable groups of people. Actually, the impossibility to quantify and measure the disasters causes the disregard of social vulnerability and race factor in the aftermath. According to Cutter (2006), “Social vulnerability is partially a product of social inequalities—those social factors and forces that create the susceptibility of various groups to harm, and in turn affect their ability to respond, and bounce back (resilience) after the disaster.”
Race is one of the important social vulnerability factors. After Hurricane Katrina, its relevance in terms of mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery from the disaster in 2005 was discovered. The intentional or unintentional racial discrimination was evident during the disaster. Mass media promulgated the Hurricane’s aftermath in New Orleans, which affected the vast number of Black people. In fact, they had to stay in New Orleans because of their poverty, material failure and lack of the US government’s attention. The Black Americans were not prepared to evacuate. The racial vulnerability factor caused the minority group to be stricken the most by a natural disaster. Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans pointed to the imperfections of the actions during disasters of such magnitude and the prejudice in society.
Thus, the underestimation of social vulnerability factors has negative effects on the population and the country in general. The USA government failed to respond correctly to the needs of the vulnerable group, which led to victims and economic losses. African Americans are also American citizens and they are worthy of dignified attitude, respect and protection. People should address the vulnerability and increase disaster resilience. We have to live in harmony with nature and care for every citizen.
Buy term paper about environment and be sure in our professionalism.
- Relationship between Environment and Health
- Environmental Pollution
- Global Warming and Food Security
- Environment's Condition
|
Anne A.
Cambridge, MA
|
|
|
You dudes are awesome! Wow! I can’t believe I got an A+ on my paper! At best, I expected a B or C! |
||
|
Royce E.
Dallas, TX
|
|
|
I first approached EssaysEmpire.com with skepticism. However, now, I have none. I am convinced that you are probably the best writing service on the Internet. Plus, you don’t overcharge, as so many writing services do. Thank you for the quality writing at affordable prices. You offer such a valuable service to students such as me. |
||
|
Ramona R.
Sparks, NV
|
|
|
Thank you for doing such stellar work on my paper. How anyone could write a paper this well on a subject this boring, is beyond me. When I tried to write it myself, I thought it would have put my professor to sleep! Your writers made it sound so interesting! I really appreciate that. Thanks a million! |
||
|
Steve P.
Portland, OR
|
|
|
I am beginning to understand why your writing service was recommended to me so highly. Everything you do is a cut above your competition. You’re really great! |
||
|
Thomas C.
Louisville, KY
|
|
|
I loved the paper that your writers helped me with. They wrote from a very interesting perspective that I had never even considered. My teacher was happy with the work, and so was I. Thank you very much. |
||
|
Marcy V.
Paris, FR
|
|
|
Given the short amount of time I gave your writers to create my term paper, I was amazed by how good it was when I received it back! It appeared they had spent months writing it, rather than just one week. Thank you, EssaysEmpire.com! I enjoyed doing business with you. You are a fabulous writing company. |
||
|
Grace G.
London, UK
|
|
|
I was quite satisfied with the results of my paper order. EssaysEmpire.com sure has some good writers! I thought it might just be some college kids who were writing in their spare time to earn some extra bucks. No! EssaysEmpire.com hires legitimate writers. They all seem to be well educated and intelligent, too. My paper was terrific! |
||
|
Barry M.
Seattle, WA.
|
|
|
BRAVO! EssaysEmpire.com has done it again. I have just received another A+ for an EssaysEmpire.com paper! Thanks!Thanks! |
||
|
Philipa W.
Rome, ITALY
|
|
|
The paper that your writers did for me on the topic of, The Psychological Effects of Fluorescent Lighting in the Workplace,” was right on the money! They included my long list of customizations and did not charge extra for them. The formatting was just right. There were no grammatical errors. The length was what it was supposed to be. I am so happy that I chose to let the EssaysEmpire.com writers take care of my paper for me. I will choose this writing service again without hesitation. |
||
|
Beverly S.
Cambridge, MA
|
|
|
I appreciate the help your wring service gave me with my biology paper. I have never cared much for biology. It is a tough subject for me to grasp. This is why I needed so much help with my paper. The writer absolutely understood the whole topic and turned out work that would have made anyone proud. Thanks a million for the great paper. |
||
|
Rob B.
Tulsa, OK
|
|
|
I needed APA formatting, EssaysEmpire.com’s writers gave me APA formatting. I needed 2000 words. EssaysEmpire.com’s writers gave me 2000 words. I needed an A+ on my paper to bring up my GPA. EssaysEmpire.com gave me a paper that got an A+. I am a happy person, thanks to EssaysEmpire.com! |
||
|
James C.
New Orleans, LA
|
|
|
I am required to do more writing this semester that I possibly have time for. Right after class, I have to go straight to my job. It’s a good thing I have EssaysEmpire.com to help me out with the writing. You guys always do such excellent work. Thanks! |
||
|
Phoebe K.
Madison, CT
|
|
|
I find your writing company to be professional, proficient and perfect. Your papers are always so good! They make good reading, in addition to being well written assignments. I can tell your writers really know their stuff! |
||
|
Sarah M.
Portland, OR
|
|
|
Today was the perfect day to make an A+! It convinced me that there are solutions to problems that seem impossible to solve. When I realized that the due date for my paper was coming up quickly, I felt like there was nothing I could do. If I didn’t hand in my paper on time, I would get an F and fail the course. However, I had to study for 3 major exams and write two other papers. My roommate suggested that I turn the paper over to you guys, which I did, and voila! I got an A+ on it and the problem was solved. Thank you, EssaysEmpire.com and to your writers and staff. You are a great writing service. |
||
|
Brianne H.
Tampa, FL
|
|
|
The paper that I purchased from EssaysEmpire.com was well written. Thank you. I will have another order for you soon. Since I was so happy with the way things went, I see no reason to use any other writing service. Your service delivers the goods, just like you say you will. |
||
|
Steve C.
Marion, NE
|
|
|
Thank you so much! I was assigned a paper that I found impossible to write. I did the reading. I did the research. However, regardless of my weak attempts, I could not formulate a cogent paper. I needed help, and EssaysEmpire.com’s writers were there for me. Customer service even arranged for me to speak with the person who was working on my paper personally. I had a lot of concerns, because my professor was very picky. However, EssaysEmpire.com was able to handle the order with no problem |
||
|
Kris K.
San Francisco, CA
|
|
|
I would like to say thanks to writer #48376 for doing such an astonishing job on my paper. I really gave him very little to go on. Still, he was able to do the research and come up with a champion paper for me. I am speechless. I didn’t expect anything nearly this good. |
||
|
Bruce B.
Purcell, OK
|
|
|
I had a hard time articulating what my professor wanted, so I was able to speak straight to my writer. After I had explained a little bit, I could tell he understood everything. He then took the ball and ran with it, so to speak. He wrote my paper in two days and it was the picture of perfection! I am very grateful that he knew what to do and how to do it so perfectly. |
||
|
Louise O.
Oakland, CA.
|
|
|
The A+ that I got on the paper that I ordered from you, helped boost my grade up an entire letter grade! Thanks, EssaysEmpire.com! |
||
|
Mark C.
Mexico City, MX
|
|
|
Thanks to EssaysEmpire.com, I was able to keep my GPA up and will be graduating soon. I really needed assistance with my writing. I aced everything else, but I have always had problems expressing myself in writing. The writers at EssaysEmpire.com took the ball and ran with it! Because of them, I am going to graduate. Thank you, from the bottom of my heart, for all of the valuable assistance. |
||
